Answer & Solution
Answer: Option C
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राज्यसेवा पूर्व परीक्षा २०१८ - Paper 2 Questions And Answers:
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
Adverse Impacts of Green Revolution
There can be no doubt that the first Green Revolution lifted the country out of a situation immediately after independence when the prospects of famine and scarcity of food commodities loomed large. The rapidly expanding population could have made matters all the more worse. It was the Green Revolution that helped tackle the food security issue with increased agricultural productivity.
However, the Green Revolution did have some adverse impacts too which are being felt in the long run. Since the emphasis was mainly on cereals like rice and wheat, there was a loss of productivity as far as pulses, fruits and vegetables were concerned. The present rate of fruit and vegetable production will not be able to cope with the future demand as the population is increasing rapidly.
Besides, production of the same type of cereals such as rice and wheat year after year gradually decreased soil fertility making it difficult for pulses and other vegetables to grow. Monoculture (the cultivation of same crop variety for a prolonged period) also led to breakdown of the plant's resistance to pests and diseases which is an unwelcome offshoot of the first Green Revolution.
Another criticism often directed at the first Green Revolution is the indiscriminate use of fertilizers and pesticides that is today threatening the agri-future of the country. Excessive and inappropriate use of fertilizers and pesticides led to widespread environmental damage polluting waterways, poisoning agricultural workers and killing beneficial insects and other wildlife.
The first Green Revolution also did not take care of certain areas like rainfed, hilly, coastal, dry land and arid zones which could be developed properly for production of exportable items like fruits, honey, mushroom, milk, meat, etc. Critics of the Green Revolution have also argued that owners of large farms were the main adopters of new technologies because of their better access to irrigation water, fertilizers, seeds and credit. Small farmers were either unaffected or harmed because the Green Revolution resulted in lower product prices, higher input prices and efforts by landlords to increase rent or force tenants off the land. The Green Revolution also encouraged unnecessary mechanization, thereby pushing down rural wages and employment.
Faulty irrigation practices also led to salt build-up and eventual abandonment of some of the best farming lands. Groundwater levels have retreated in areas where more water is being pumped for irrigation than can be replenished by the rains.
The first Green Revolution did not take care of which of the following areas ?
a. Rainfed areas
b. Coastal areas
c. Fertile soil areas
d. Arid areas
Answer Options:
Which of the following criticisms of the first Green Revolution is/are correct?
a. Polluting waterways
b. Polluting air
c. Poisoning agricultural workers
d. Killing beneficial insects and wildlife
Answer Options :
Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Green Revolution ?
a. There was emphasis mainly on cereals like rice and wheat.
b. There was a loss of productivity of pulses, fruits and vegetables.
c. There was emphasis mainly on pulses, fruits and vegetables cultivation.
d. There was a gradual decrease in soil fertility year after year.
Answer Options :
Which of the following impacts on environment during the Green Revolution is/are correct ?
a. Faulty irrigation practices
b. Increase of salt in soil
c. Abandonment of some of the best farming lands
d. Groundwater levels have retreated
Answer 0ptions:
Which of the following adverse impacts of the Green Revolution is/are correct?
a. Production of same type of cereals year after year decreased soil fertility.
b. Loss of soil fertility made it difficult for pulses and vegetables to grow.
c. Monoculture led to breakdown of plant's resistance to pests and diseases.
Answer Options :
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
'Communication Technology' has been the single most important economic force shaping all societies over the past half-century with geography; national borders and time zones becoming irrelevant with the new communication revolution'. In today's changing world, global electronic commerce is growing so fast and creating new opportunities for trade that no country can afford to miss it. Such explosive innovations and developments in science and technology have deeply influenced the direction and trends in international trade.
The role of international trade in the process of economic development is widely recognized. International trade brings a variety of static and dynamic gains and thus increases the capacity for development. Larger the volume of trade, greater is the potential for development. Economic history finds success stories of various countries, which were relatively underdeveloped at one time but were converted to the category of developed countries through foreign trade.
Trade is as old as human society itself, as no man, and more so, no society, can ever be self-sufficient. In ancient times trade was in the form of barter, but afterwards, not only did trade change from barter to money, but from a stroke of a computer keyboard, people could enter into a transaction not only in goods and services but also in stocks and bonds, financial lending and national and international currency dealing from one corner to another corner of the world.
Export promotion being one of the main facets of fast and steady growth, considerable attention has been given to export incentives since the nineteen sixties. It has been realized that "export growth is not a luxury" for India. It is a prerequisite for adequate foreign exchange earnings, to maintain the tempo of economic development without sacrificing the country's self-reliance. However, exports can play an effective role "as an engine of economic growth" in Indian conditions.
Export trade is a vital variable in the Indian economic situation. It plays a paramount role in Indian economic development. It is indeed exports that activate the use of unexploited natural and human resources, break the limitations of the domestic market, strengthen and organize the stagnant economy and minimize the dependence on foreign aid, which, since long is believed to accelerate the pace of economic transformation.
Exports are a key factor in the developinent process of any economy. The logical grounds can be considered in terms of both, the direct and indirect gains of exports in a developing economy like India.
Geographical, national borders and time zones are becoming irrelevant because of
The potential of development depends on the
Trade is as old as human society because
Due to computer technology, people have also entered into the trade of
Choose the appropriate title for the passage.
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
The wonders of light can be enjoyed in a variety of ways. Mirrors and lenses are part of them. Plane mirrors are well known to us. Concave and convex mirrors are used to converge and diverge the light as per need. The focal length of the spherical mirror is half of its radius of curvature. The ratio of the product and sum of object distance and image distance is the focal length of the mirror. Convex and concave lenses are also used for the same purpose as above. The ratio of the product and difference of object distance and image distance is the focal length of the lens.
According to new Cartesian sign convention, the measurements towards the left from the pole or centre and below the axis are taken as negative, while those towards the right and above the axis are taken as positive. The ability of lenses to converge or diverge is their power in the units of dioptre. One dioptre is the reciprocal of focal length in metres.
In general, mirrors and lenses are used to obtain a magnified image relative to the object. Magnification is the ratio of image size to object size or image distance to object distance. Mirrors and lenses are used in torches and headlights, flood lights, projector lamps, solar devices and furnaces, cameras, spectrometers, simple microscopes, compound microscopes, telescopes, spectacles, etc. The human eye is a natural optical instrument. Light enters the thin cornea, iris, pupil of variable diameter to control and regulate light with the tendency of adaptation. Behind the pupil there is a biconvex crystalline lens having the power of accommodation. Finally a real and inverted image is formed on the retina. The distance of distinct vision is 25 cm from the normal eye.
But various refractive defects like myopia, hypermetropia and presbyopia arise due to non-relaxation or weak action of ciliary muscles, high or low converging power of lens, increase or decrease in distance between lens and retina, lengthening or shortening of the eyeball. These defects can be corrected by using suitable concave or convex lenses. Both the defects may appear simultaneously, in such cases, bifocal lens should be used.
An object 3 cm in size is placed 20 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 24 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image ? Also, what is the size of the image ?
What focal power should the reading spectacles have for a person for whom the least distance of distinct vision is 50 cm?
In the list of the following instruments, mirrors and lenses are used. Classify them accordingly
(i) Headlights
(ii) Telescopes
(iii) Compound microscopes
(iv) Projection lamps
(v) Floodlights
(vi) Simple microscoped Mirrors
A person whose left eye is myopic and right eye is hypermetropic, his spectacles should have right and left lenses to be ___________ and _____________ respectively.
A card sheet divided into squares, each of size 1 mm x 1 mm is being viewed at a distance of 9 cm through a convex lens of focal length 9 cm held close to the eye. The squares on the card sheet will be observed to be of size
Read the following passage and answer the questions:
Flowers serve as an excellent offering to God. They are an invaluable aid for personal make-up and a source of inspiration to poets.
Flowers are the structure of sexual reproduction in plants. After seed germination, the plant grows continuously to its full maturity. At a certain point in life, the plant switches over to the reproductive phase and starts bearing flowers. The stalk of the flower is referred to as pedicel. In general, four types of organs are involved in constituting a flower. The outermost green whorl having sepals is calyx, and inner to the calyx is a whorl of brightly coloured petals, i.e. corolla. Next to it, the whorl is of stamens which is collectively called androecium; representing the male sex organs. The centre of the flower is occupied by carpels, i.e. gynoecium which is represented by the female reproductive whorl. Depending on the presence of stamens and carpels, the flower may be a male, female or hermaphrodite flower. In flowers, pollen grains are produced by stamens in the anther lobe. Then mature pollen grains are transferred to the stigma leading to successful pollination. The stigma provides required natural conditions for in-vivo germination of pollen grains.
Various agencies are involved in the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma; they may be biotic or abiotic. The biotic agencies are bees, insects, birds, bats, ants, animals, etc. and abiotic agencies are wind and water,
The process of pollination is very basic and important for fruit and seed setting. Likewise, it is important for the conservation of biodiversity. The pollinators and plants are co-evolved during the course of evolution. Some species need only biotic agents for pollination without which plants will become extinct. In the absence of successful pollination, the plant reproduction process will stop completely. That is why it is necessary to conserve the plants and their pollinators too. If pollination stops due to any reason, the process of seed setting will cease.
As per the involvement of various parts of a flower in the process of sexual reproduction, which one of the following cannot be neglected ?
After the transfer of pollen grains, which floral organ acts as a site for pollen tube germination?
When honey-bees visit from one flower to another, they carry out the process of
The process of sexual reproduction is said to be successful only when
During the course of evolution, plants and their pollinators evolved
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